Pediatrics Mnemonics: Simplifying Child Health for Medical Professionals
B
Breast feeding: benefits: ABCDEFGH:
- Infant:
- Allergic condition reduced
- Best food for infant
- Close relationship with mother
- Development of IQ, jaws, mouth
- Mother:
- Econmical
- Fitness: quick return to pre-pregnancy body shape
- Guards against cancer: breast, ovary, uterus
- Hemorrhage (postpartum) reduced
- Author: Anthony Chan
C
Cyanotic congenital heart diseases: 5 T’s:
- Truncus arteriosus
- Transposition of the great arteries
- Tricuspid atresia
- Tetrology of Fallot
- Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
- Author: Vince Yamashiroya
Cyanotic heart diseases: 5 types : Use your five fingers:
- 1 finger up: Truncus Arteriosus (1 vessel)
- 2 fingers up: Dextroposition of the Great Arteries (2 vessels transposed)
- 3 fingers up: Tricuspid Atresia (3=Tri)
- 4 fingers up: Tetralogy of Fallot (4=Tetra)
- 5 fingers up: Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (5=5 words)
- Author: Jeff Simmons University of Alabama School Of Medicine
Cerebral palsy (CP): most likely cause : CP: Cerebral Palsy
- Child Premature
The premature brain is more prone to all the possible insults.
-
- Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/
Cough (chronic): differential: When cough in nursery, rock the “CRADLE”:
- Cystic fibrosis
- Rings, slings, and airway things (tracheal rings)/ Respiratory infections
- Aspiration (swallowing dysfunction, TE fistula, gastroesphageal reflux)
- Dyskinetic cilia
- Lung, airway, and vascular malformations (tracheomalacia, vocal cord dysfunction)
- Edema (heart failure)
- Author: Vince Yamashiroya
Croup: symptoms: 3 S’s:
- Stridor
- Subglottic swelling
- Seal-bark cough
- Author: Robert O’Connor University College Dublin
Cystic fibrosis: exacerbation of pulmonary infection: CF PANCREAS:
- Cough (increase in intensity and frequent spells)
- Fever (usually low grade, unless severe bronchopneumonia is present)
- Pulmonary function deterioration
- Appetite decrease
- Nutrition, weight loss
- CBC (leukocytosis with left shift)
- Radiograph (increase overaeration, peribronchial thickening, mucus plugging)
- Exam (rales or wheezing in previously clear areas, tachypnea, retractions)
- Activity (decreased, impaired exercise intolerance, increased absenteeism)
- Sputum (becomes darker, thicker, and more abundant, forming plugs)
- Author: Vince Yamashiroya
Cystic fibrosis: presenting signs: CF PANCREAS:
- Chronic cough and wheezing
- Failure to thrive
- Pancreatic insufficiency (symptoms of malabsorption like steatorrhea)
- Alkalosis and hypotonic dehydration
- Neonatal intestinal obstruction (meconium ileus)/ Nasal polyps
- Clubbing of fingers/ Chest radiograph with characteristic changes
- Rectal prolapse
- Electrolyte elevation in sweat, salty skin
- Absence or congenital atresia of vas deferens
- Sputum with Staph or Pseudomonas (mucoid)
- Author: Vince Yamashiroya
D
Duodenal atresia vs. Pyloric stenosis: site of obstruction
- Duodenal Atresia: Distal to Ampulla of vater.
- Pyloric stenosis: Proximal to it.
- Author: Rinku Uberoi
H
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS): components: “Remember to decrease the RATE of IV fluids in these patients”:
- Renal failure
- Anemia (microangiopathic, hemolytic)
- Thrombocytopenia
- Encephalopathy (TTP)
- Author: Vince Yamashiroya
Haematuria: differential in children: ABCDEFGHIJK:
- Anatomy (cysts, etc)
- Bladder (cystitis)
- Cancer (Wilm’s tumour)
- Drug related (cyclophosphamide)
- Exercise induced
- Factitious (Munchausen by proxy)
- Glomerulonephritis
- Haematology (bleeding disorder, sickle cell)
- Infection (UTI)
- In Jury (trauma)
- Kidney stones (hypercalciuria)
- Author: Jibodh University College Dublin
P
Pyloric stenosis (congential): presentation: Pyloric stenosis is 3 P‘s:
- Palpable mass
- Paristalsis visible
- Projectile vomiting (2-4 weeks after birth)
- Author: Atif Farooq Khawaja Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan
Perez reflex
- Eliciting the PErEz reflex will make the baby PEE.
- Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/
Pediatric milestones in development
- 1 year:
–single words
- 2 years:
–2 word sentences
-understands 2 step commands
- 3 years:
–3 word combos
-repeats 3 digits
-rides tricycle
- 4 years:
-draws square
-counts 4 objects
-
- Author: Rinku Uberoi
S
Sturge-Weber syndrome: hallmark features: Sturge-Weber:
- Seizures
- PortWine stain
- Author: Ramon Salazar
Septic Arthritis: most common cause
- Staphylococcus Aureus is the most common cause of
- Septic Arthritis in the pediatric population.
- Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/
G
Guthrie card: diseases identified with it : “Guthrie Cards Can Help Predict Bad Metabolism”:
- Galactosaemia
- Cystic fibrosis
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- Hypothyroidism
- Phenylketonuria
- Biotidinase deficiency
- Maple syrup urine disease
- Author: Logan Mitchell Dunedin Medical School, New Zealand
M
Measles: complications: “MEASLES COMP” (complications):
- Myocarditis
- Encephalitis
- Appendicitis
- Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
- Laryngitis
- Early death
- Sh!ts (diarrhoea)
- Corneal ulcer
- Otis media
- Mesenteric lymphadenitis
- Pneumonia and related (bronchiolitis-bronchitis-croup)
- Author: Joshua Goh Unimas: Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
R
Russell Silver syndrome: features: ABCDEF:
- Asymmetric limb (hemihypertrophy)
- Bossing (frontal)
- Clinodactyly/ Cafe au lait spots
- Dwarf (short stature)
- Excretion (GU malformation)
- Face (triangular face, micrognathia)
- Author: Anthony Chan Chinese University of Hong Kong
V
Vitamin toxicities: neonatal
- Excess vitamin A: Anomalies (teratogenic)
- Excess vitamin E: Enterocolitis (necrotizing enterocolitis)
- Excess vitamin K: Kernicterus (hemolysis)
- Reference: http://medicalmnemonics.com/
W
Williams syndrome: features: WILLIAMS:
- Weight (low at birth, slow to gain)
- Iris (stellate iris)
- Long philtrum
- Large mouth
- Increased Ca++
- Aortic stenosis (and other stenoses)
- Mental retardation
- Swelling around eyes (periorbital puffiness)
- Author: Anthony Chan Chinese University of Hong Kong
