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Home Anatomy

Anatomy of Ankle Joint in a Nutshell

siva guru by siva guru
May 30, 2021
in Anatomy, Pre-Clinical
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Anatomy of Ankle Joint


  • The foot has many arches:
    • Medial longitudinal arch is formed by tarsal bones and metatarsals
    • Lateral longitudinal arch is not as well formed
    • Slight transverse arch passing through distal tarsal bones goes from side to side
  • Arches are maintained by several foot structures
    • The Talus bone of the foot
      • Is the keystone that keeps the integrity of arches
      • Wedged between calcaneus and navicular bone.
    • Also maintained by ligaments
    • Large series of ligaments that tie bones together on plantar surface and dorsal surface (from flexor hallucis longus etc.)
    • Intrinsic muscles of the foot
    • Extrinsic foot muscles such as fibularis longus which crosses ankle and goes across plantar foot to first metatarsals which acts as “hooks” to keep arch
  • Moral of the story: Bone structure, ligaments, intrinsic muscles, extrinsic muscles must be intact for arches to remain stable.

Ligaments of the Ankle joint:

  • Series of ligaments from medial malleolus to bones of the foot (tarsals)
    • 4 of them, named by bones they attach- called the Deltoid ligament. Is shaped like a triangle.
    • Thus, major ligament of medial ankle joint is deltoid ligament.
      • These are very tough ligaments.
      • May have medial malleolus portion pulled off before tear the ligament.
  • Calcanealfibular ligament
    • from tip of the fibula to the calcaneus
    • On the lateral aspect of ankle
    • Greatest stress to this ligament would be on inversion movements
    • Thus this ligament is commonly stretched beyond limits by misstep = sprained ankle / rolled ankle.
  • On plantar surface of the foot: 2 key ligaments
    • Long plantar ligament: acts to maintain arch- distributes to toes 2-5
    • Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament:
      • Connects calcaneus to navicular bone on plantar surface
      • Supports the head of the Talus- articulates with the navicular bone.
      • AKA Spring ligament – gives recoil to arches of the foot.

Also read:


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