Ultra-High-Yield One Liners
ANATOMY
- Deep inguinal ring is a defect in the Transversalis fascia.
- Winged scapula is caused by injury to the Long Thoracic Nerve.
- Wrist drop indicates injury to the Radial Nerve (Spiral groove).
- Foot drop indicates injury to the Common Peroneal Nerve.
- Trendelenburg sign positive means Superior Gluteal Nerve injury.
- Ductus arteriosus develops from the Left 6th Pharyngeal Arch.
- Coronary sinus develops from the Left Horn of Sinus Venosus.
- Safety muscle of the tongue is the Genioglossus.
- Ulnar nerve injury at the elbow causes Claw Hand.
- Posterior tibial pulse is felt between medial malleolus and calcaneus.
PHYSIOLOGY
- S1 heart sound coincides with Isovolumetric Contraction phase.
- Surfactant is produced by Type II Pneumocytes.
- Normal GFR in a healthy adult is approx. 125 ml/min.
- ADH acts on V2 receptors in the Collecting Duct.
- Repolarization is due to Potassium (K+) efflux.
- Saltatory conduction occurs at the Nodes of Ranvier.
- Pulsus Paradoxus is seen in Cardiac Tamponade and Asthma.
- JVP ‘a’ wave represents Right atrial contraction.
- Glucose and Amino acids are reabsorbed in the PCT.
- Decreased CO2 shifts Oxygen-Hb curve to the Left.
BIOCHEMISTRY
- Von Gierke’s (Type I) is Glucose-6-Phosphatase deficiency.
- Vitamin C deficiency causes Scurvy (bleeding gums).
- Vitamin B1 deficiency causes Wernicke’s (confusion, ataxia).
- Vitamin B3 deficiency causes Pellagra (Dermatitis, Dementia).
- Nitric Oxide is synthesized from Arginine.
- Complex IV of ETC is inhibited by Cyanide.
- Alkaptonuria (Black urine) is Homogentisate oxidase defect.
- Rate-limiting enzyme of Heme synthesis is ALA Synthase.
- Zellweger syndrome is a Peroxisome defect.
- Maple Syrup Urine Disease involves Branched-chain amino acids.
PATHOLOGY
- Philadelphia Chromosome t(9;22) is seen in CML.
- Burkitt Lymphoma t(8;14) is c-myc translocation.
- Orphan Annie eye nuclei are seen in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.
- Psammoma bodies are seen in Papillary Thyroid Ca & Meningioma.
- Owl Eye inclusions are characteristic of CMV.
- Reed-Sternberg cells are characteristic of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.
- Auer Rods are characteristic of AML.
- Congo Red stain showing apple-green birefringence = Amyloidosis.
- Basophilic Stippling is seen in Lead Poisoning.
- Signet Ring cells are seen in Diffuse Gastric Cancer.
PHARMACOLOGY
- Paracetamol antidote is N-acetylcysteine.
- Opioid overdose antidote is Naloxone.
- Benzodiazepine antidote is Flumazenil.
- Digoxin toxicity antidote is Digibind (Fab fragments).
- Warfarin antidote is Vitamin K.
- Heparin antidote is Protamine Sulfate.
- Drug of choice for PSVT is Adenosine.
- Drug of choice for CMV Retinitis is Ganciclovir.
- Methotrexate inhibits Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFR).
- Red Man Syndrome is caused by rapid Vancomycin infusion.
MICROBIOLOGY
- India Ink positive capsule = Cryptococcus neoformans.
- Negri bodies are pathognomonic for Rabies.
- Rice water stools are seen in Cholera.
- Darting motility is seen in Vibrio cholerae.
- Falling leaf motility is seen in Giardia lamblia.
- Satellite lesions on blood agar = Haemophilus influenzae.
- Gas Gangrene is caused by Clostridium perfringens.
- Tzanck smear multinucleated giant cells = HSV/Varicella.
- Hydatid cyst is caused by Echinococcus granulosus.
- Scrub Typhus vector is Trombiculid Mite.
FORENSIC MEDICINE
- Cherry Red postmortem lividity indicates CO poisoning.
- Bitter Almond smell indicates Cyanide poisoning.
- Rigor Mortis lasts 24-48 hours.
- Blackening/Tattooing indicates a Close/Near range gunshot.
- Diatoms test confirms Antemortem Drowning.
- Lucid interval is classic for Extradural Hemorrhage (EDH).
- McNaughton’s Rule deals with Criminal Responsibility (Insanity).
- Dowry death requires a Magistrate Inquest.
- Brush burn is a type of Graze Abrasion.
- Pugilistic attitude is seen in Thermal/Burn injuries.
COMMUNITY MEDICINE (PSM)
- Dengue vector is Aedes aegypti.
- Measles vaccine diluent is Distilled Water.
- BCG vaccine diluent is Normal Saline.
- Koplik’s spots appear in Measles prodrome.
- Yellow bag is for Human anatomical/bloody waste.
- Red bag is for Recyclable plastics/tubing.
- ASHA worker covers a population of 1000.
- Anganwadi worker covers a population of 1000.
- Case Control Study calculates Odds Ratio (OR).
- Cohort Study calculates Relative Risk (RR).
OPHTHALMOLOGY
- Cherry Red Spot is seen in CRAO.
- “Blood and Thunder” fundus is seen in CRVO.
- Curtain falling sensation indicates Retinal Detachment.
- Dendritic Ulcer is pathognomonic for Herpes Simplex Keratitis.
- Rosette Cataract is caused by Trauma.
- Kayser-Fleischer ring is seen in Wilson’s Disease.
- Most common intraocular tumor (adults) is Choroidal Melanoma.
- Most common intraocular tumor (kids) is Retinoblastoma.
- Bitot’s spots are seen in Vitamin A deficiency.
- Bitemporal Hemianopia indicates an Optic Chiasm lesion.
ENT
- Little’s Area is the most common site of Epistaxis.
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma is associated with EBV.
- Trotter’s Triad is seen in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.
- Thumb sign on X-ray indicates Acute Epiglottitis.
- Steeple sign on X-ray indicates Croup.
- Hot Potato Voice is seen in Quinsy.
- Grommet insertion is treatment for Serous Otitis Media.
- Carhart’s Notch (2kHz dip) is seen in Otosclerosis.
- Battle’s Sign indicates Middle Cranial Fossa fracture.
- Malignant Otitis Externa is caused by Pseudomonas.
MEDICINE
- ST elevation II, III, aVF indicates Inferior Wall MI.
- ST elevation V1-V4 indicates Anterior Wall MI.
- Beck’s Triad is seen in Cardiac Tamponade.
- Pulsus Paradoxus is seen in Cardiac Tamponade/Asthma.
- Kussmaul’s Sign is seen in Constrictive Pericarditis.
- Water Hammer Pulse is seen in Aortic Regurgitation.
- H. pylori is the commonest cause of Peptic Ulcer.
- C-ANCA positive indicates Wegener’s Granulomatosis.
- Anti-CCP antibody is specific for Rheumatoid Arthritis.
- Charcot’s Triad is seen in Ascending Cholangitis.
SURGERY
- Best investigation for Gallstones is Ultrasound.
- Murphy’s Sign positive indicates Acute Cholecystitis.
- McBurney’s Point tenderness indicates Acute Appendicitis.
- Triangle of Calot contains the Cystic Artery.
- Peau d’orange is due to lymphatic blockage.
- Fibroadenoma is known as the “Breast Mouse”.
- Rule of Nines is used for Burn Surface Area.
- Parkland Formula = 4ml x kg x %Burn.
- FAST scan is Focused Assessment Sonography in Trauma.
- Seminoma is a radiosensitive testicular tumor.
PEDIATRICS
- Boot-shaped heart on X-ray = Tetralogy of Fallot.
- Egg on side appearance = Transposition of Great Arteries.
- Red Currant Jelly stools indicate Intussusception.
- Delayed meconium (>48h) suggests Hirschsprung Disease.
- Non-bilious projectile vomiting = Pyloric Stenosis.
- Double Bubble sign on X-ray = Duodenal Atresia.
- Koplik spots are pathognomonic for Measles.
- Wilms Tumor is the commonest renal tumor in children.
- Down Syndrome is caused by Trisomy 21.
- Physiological Jaundice appears after 24 hours.
OBS & GYNAE
- Painless vaginal bleeding indicates Placenta Previa.
- Painful bleeding with woody uterus indicates Abruptio Placentae.
- Strawberry Cervix is seen in Trichomonas Vaginalis.
- Clue Cells are seen in Bacterial Vaginosis.
- Whiff Test positive indicates Bacterial Vaginosis.
- Snowstorm appearance on USG = Hydatidiform Mole.
- Chocolate Cyst is seen in Endometriosis.
- Drug of choice for PPH prophylaxis is Oxytocin.
- Drug of choice for Eclampsia is Magnesium Sulfate.
- HPV 16 and 18 cause Cervical Cancer.
ORTHOPEDICS
- Colles Fracture is distal radius # with Dorsal tilt.
- Smith Fracture is distal radius # with Volar tilt.
- Monteggia Fracture is Ulnar # + Radial Head dislocation.
- Galeazzi Fracture is Radial # + DRUJ dislocation.
- Sunburst appearance is seen in Osteosarcoma.
- Onion peel appearance is seen in Ewing’s Sarcoma.
- Soap bubble appearance is seen in Giant Cell Tumor.
- Bamboo Spine is seen in Ankylosing Spondylitis.
- Wrist Drop indicates Radial Nerve injury.
- Foot Drop indicates Common Peroneal Nerve injury.
DERMATOLOGY
- Auspitz sign is seen in Psoriasis.
- Burrows in web spaces are pathognomonic for Scabies.
- Target lesions are seen in Erythema Multiforme.
- Nikolsky sign positive is seen in Pemphigus Vulgaris.
- Tzanck Smear showing giant cells = Herpes/Varicella.
- Honey-colored crusts are seen in Impetigo.
- Umbilication + Henderson-Paterson bodies = Molluscum.
- Wickham’s Striae are seen in Lichen Planus.
- Herald Patch is seen in Pityriasis Rosea.
- Dermatitis Herpetiformis is associated with Celiac Disease.
PSYCHIATRY
- Auditory hallucinations are common in Schizophrenia.
- Visual hallucinations are common in Delirium.
- Tactile hallucinations (formication) seen in Cocaine use.
- Confabulation is seen in Korsakoff’s Psychosis.
- Wernicke’s Encephalopathy is Thiamine (B1) deficiency.
- Lithium is drug of choice for Bipolar Disorder.
- SSRI (Fluoxetine) is drug of choice for Depression/OCD.
- Clozapine side effect is Agranulocytosis.
- Flight of ideas is a feature of Mania.
- Delirium Tremens is severe Alcohol Withdrawal.
RADIOLOGY
- Snowman / Figure of 8 sign = TAPVC.
- Boot-shaped heart = Tetralogy of Fallot.
- Coffee Bean sign = Sigmoid Volvulus.
- Bird Beak sign = Achalasia Cardia.
- Rat Tail appearance = Esophageal Cancer.
- Apple Core lesion = Colon Cancer.
- Cobra Head appearance = Ureterocele.
- IOC for Head Trauma is NCCT.
- Sunburst appearance = Osteosarcoma.
- Steeple Sign = Croup.
ANESTHESIA
- Ketamine causes Dissociative Anesthesia.
- Propofol is DOC for Day Care Surgery.
- Malignant Hyperthermia is treated with Dantrolene.
- Capnography is gold standard for ETT confirmation.
- Spinal Anesthesia is given in Subarachnoid Space.
- Epidural Anesthesia is given in Epidural Space.
- Lignocaine MOA is Sodium Channel Blockade.
- Mallampati Score predicts Difficult Intubation.
- Nitrous Oxide cylinder is Blue.
- Oxygen cylinder is Black body, White shoulder.
